Flux is typically a granular, powdery or fused mixture of various materials such as oxides, minerals, and alloys, which are selected based on the specific welding application. The composition of the flux influences the chemical and mechanical properties of the weld, such as its strength, ductility, and toughness. It is a critical component in Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) that is used to protect the molten weld pool from atmospheric contamination, remove impurities from the base metal and control the shape and size of the weld. The selection of the appropriate flux is critical for achieving the desired welding results, as the composition of the flux can have a significant impact on the quality of the weld. Fluxes may vary depending on the type of base metal being welded, the welding process used, and the specific requirements of the application.